The settlement requires approval by US District Judge Sparkle Sooknanan, who in February rejected Musk’s bid to dismiss the case. It ends more than seven years of fraught ⁠battles between Musk ​and the regulator, starting in September 2018 when the SEC charged him with securities fraud for tweeting he had “secured” funding to potentially take his electric car company Tesla private.

Musk settled that case by paying a $20 million civil fine, letting Tesla lawyers review some Twitter posts in advance, and giving up his role as Tesla’s chairman.”Musk has now been cleared of all issues related to the late filing of forms in the Twitter acquisition, as we said from the outset he ​would ​be,” his lawyer Alex Spiro said in a statement.The SEC declined to comment.

In its January 2025 lawsuit, the SEC said Musk’s 11-day delay in revealing his initial 5% Twitter stake in late March and early April 2022 let him buy more than $500 million of shares at artificially low ‌prices, before he finally revealed a 9.2% stake.

The SEC had argued that Musk should pay a civil fine and repay the $150 million he allegedly saved at the expense of unsuspecting investors.Musk called the delay inadvertent, and accused the SEC of violating his free speech rights by targeting him.

The SEC sued Musk six days before former US President Joe Biden left the White House and was replaced by Donald Trump. Current SEC Chairman Paul Atkins has been refocusing the regulator’s enforcement priorities.

“It’s an embarrassing day for the SEC,” said Amanda Fischer, former chief of staff to Gary Gensler, who chaired the regulator during the Biden administration. She said the settlement “should cause the public to question whether the SEC is protecting White ⁠House insiders at the expense of ordinary investors.”

Musk ⁠led the Trump administration’s Department of Government Efficiency, which focused on cost-cutting, before leaving last May. Robert Frenchman, a partner at the Dynamis law firm in New York, said the $1.5 million penalty was a “modest ⁠sum for the richest person on the planet” but ‌could deter similar violations by others. “That is a statement to the market that the rules apply to everyone, even to ​Elon Musk,” he said.

Musk completed the $44 billion Twitter purchase in October 2022.He later folded Twitter ‌into his artificial intelligence company xAI, and then folded xAI into his rocket company SpaceX. Forbes magazine says Musk is worth $789.9 billion.

Both sides had disclosed on March 17 they were in talks to settle, one day after ‌SEC enforcement chief Margaret Ryan abruptly left her ​job after just ​over six months.

Ryan’s ​departure followed clashes with other leaders at the agency over enforcement, people familiar with the matter have said. A lawyer for Ryan did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Monday.

Musk’s civil penalty is the largest in ​SEC history for the type of violation he was accused of, a person familiar with the settlement ⁠said.The case is separate from a civil lawsuit where a San Francisco jury held Musk liable on March 20 for having defrauded Twitter shareholders after announcing the buyout.

Shareholders in that class action alleged that Musk questioned whether Twitter was overrun by fake and spam accounts, known as bots, in an effort ‌to force Twitter to renegotiate ⁠the takeover price or let him back out.

The shareholders said Musk’s comments caused Twitter’s stock price to fall, and that they suffered losses by selling shares at depressed prices. They have estimated that damages could total $2.5 billion.Musk’s lawyers including ​Spiro want that case dismissed or a new trial, calling the verdict “the result of bias and prejudice toward a polarizing defendant.”-Agencies